Extreme rains are presented as a threat by destroying infrastructure and as an opportunity by increasing the volume of runoff and aquifers. It is possible to turn threats into opportunities by recognizing this phenomenon. The current research has been carried out in this direction and with the aim of knowledge, prediction and foreknowledge. Daily rainfall data was extracted from 13 observation stations and 11 rain stations. The extreme rainfalls of the Kashan synoptic station were calculated in 1971-2021 based on the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles. Synoptic and spatial methods investigated six cases of extreme precipitation. Zoning maps were prepared based on variogram models and kriging method. The results showed that the dominant patterns are the low-pressure systems based in Iran, which often form together with the low pressures of Saudi Arabia or Sudan on the surface of the earth and the high-pressure systems around them, especially the Siberian high pressure and the broad trough from the Mediterranean to Iran and Omega, low cut and Rex blockings at the level of 500 millibars. The zoning maps show that the rains of April 3, 2002, and April 8, 2020, which are concentrated on the western belt and the heights of the basin, cause erosion of the heights and flood in the foothills and low-lying areas of the plain. Rains such as the rains of March 8, 2019, which are most concentrated in the central areas, although due to the low slope, they join the groundwater faster and have little erosive power,