The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the spatial pattern of the mean, time trends and frequency distribution of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the warm season as well as the extreme events in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. This study was performed by using long-term, high-resolution and pixel-based satellite-derived SST data. The SST changes during the warm season and the extreme events were explored and statistically analysed throughout the study period (1982 to 2016). The average range of temperature changes in the study area is between 25-27.6°C. The maximum and minimum long-term mean water temperatures during the warm season were observed in the south-eastern coasts and the northern regions of the study area, respectively. The mean range of temperature changes in the extreme events were 27.4-29.2°C in the Southern Caspian Sea. The highest long-term average of water temperatures during the extreme events were observed in the east to the south-eastern regions of the Southern Caspian Sea. During the warm season and extreme events, the trend of sea surface temperature changes in the southern part of the Caspian Sea was 0.04-0.08 and 0.04-0.084 ° C per year, respectively. Also, throughout the study period (1982 to 2016), there was no obvious negative trend (indicating a decrease in temperature) in the warm season temperatures and the extreme events. Based on analysing the probability density functions, the temperature changes during the extreme events are more intense than the temperature trend during the warm season in the Southern Caspian Sea. Increasing the skewness in the probability density function of the temperature changes in the extreme events compared to that of the warm season is indicative of increasing the numerical values of the sea surface temperature trend in the extreme events comparing to the warm season in the study area.