The drying up of Lake Urmia, as one of the greatest environmental disasters in Iran, has had serious consequences on the sustainability of human settlements in the region, especially from the perspective of land use planning. This phenomenon, which has been exacerbated by climate change and mismanagement of water resources, has led to an increase in fine dust, salinization of agricultural lands, and a sharp decrease in water resources. As a result, the livelihoods of local communities have been jeopardized, widespread migrations have occurred, and the social and economic structures of the region have collapsed. From the perspective of land use planning, this crisis indicates an imbalance between the biological capacities of the region and human activities, which highlights the need for a serious review of development patterns, resource management, and spatial planning to maintain the sustainability of settlements and prevent similar crises in the future. The present study aims to analyze the effects of the drying up of Lake Urmia and climate change on the sustainability of human settlements from the perspective of land use planning. This study is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The required information and data were collected through library methods. The fuzzy AHP model was used in this study. Using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP), multiple criteria affecting the sustainability of settlements, including environmental dimensions (such as dust intensification and soil salinization), economic (loss of agricultural and tourism jobs), social (migration and population structure change), and physical (land use change and subsidence) dimensions, were identified and prioritized. The results indicate the critical and multifaceted effects of this phenomenon on various aspects of the lives of the people of the region, which further highlights the need for comprehensive and integrated planning in land use planning to deal with future challenges and ensure the resilience of human societies. This study can help policymakers and planners make informed decisions to manage similar crises and move towards sustainable development