In the recent years, remote sensing techniques have been widely used for measuring the vertical structure of the atmospheric parameters. MODIS sensors on board Terra and Aqua satellites are able to produce daily atmospheric profiles with high horizontal resolution over the globe. In this research, the quality of MODIS temperature profiles collected in 2015 over Iran has been assessed using GPS RO technique which has been considered as the reference. First, temperature profiles of GPS RO have been compared with corresponding temperature values derived from radiosonde observations at Tehran station at different times of the year. The results showed a strong relationship between temperature values obtained by both methods. For all seasons of the year, MODIS temperature profiles have a wet bias of 2.4 K and dry bias of 3 K compared to GPS RO for lower than 15 km and higher than 15 km, respectively. In addition, the average RMSE of 4.5 K was estimated for MODIS temperature data over the all atmospheric layers. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of RMSE of MODIS temperature profiles of the study area confirmed that there is no significant relationship between geographical location and accuracy of MODIS temperature profiles over this region.